TMT Laser Guide System Test
This morning, Xue Shijian, deputy director of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, published a photo on his personal microblog. In the photo, a laser beam shot straight into the sky from the ground. It is the picture TMT laser guide star system designed and manufactured by the photoelectric CAS tests performed.
The TMT laser guide system is a subsystem of the 30-meter ground large-scale optical telescope (TMT) jointly built by the National Astronomical Agency of the United States, Canada, Japan, China, and India. The main mirror of TMT is 30 meters in diameter, and consists of a hexagonal sub-mirror stitching with a 492 facet diameter of 1.4 meters. It can provide 9 times the focusing power of the Keck telescope, and its image resolution is also higher than that currently available. The highest resolution is 3 times higher. According to different observation targets and methods, its detection depth will be 10 to 100 times that of contemporary telescopes. It can observe the cosmic region scene that is 13 billion light-years away from the earth and the stars and galaxies formed early in the universe. It is expected to help scientists reveal dark matter and It has made major breakthroughs in the nature of dark energy, probing the universe’s first generation of celestial bodies, understanding the formation and growth of black holes, and exploring exoplanets and other frontier scientific fields.
The laser guide satellite subsystem is an important guarantee for accurate observation of TMT projects. Due to the phenomenon of turbulence and density stratification in the atmosphere, it will interfere with astronomical observations and cause the image to become blurred. This requires an adaptive optics system for correction and reduction. The specific method of rectification is to launch high-energy lasers into the air and create artificial “guide stars†at an altitude of 90 kilometers. Through continuous detection, real-time measurement of the specific conditions of atmospheric turbulence, and the high-speed precise adjustment of the deformable mirrors, allows image recovery. Clear and sharp.
The high-energy laser that forms the artificial "guide star" is launched by the high-power all-solid pulsed nano-satellite laser that is assumed by the Physics and Chemistry Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. This is the first time that domestic lasers have been used in international top scientific research equipment. The newly developed high-performance sodium-guided lasers have features such as high spectral line accuracy, high average power, and high beam quality. In terms of spectrum, the laser wavelength and the atomic absorption line of the sodium are stable and precisely aligned with an accuracy of 0.2 picometer. In the frequency domain, the width of the laser line reaches sub-GHz, which can be described as “not fat or thinâ€. In addition, due to its use of 1064nm, 1319nm solid-state lasers and frequency technology, researchers have also broken through the difficulties of high-power two-laser time and space synchronization technology, laser linewidth narrowing technology, high efficiency and frequency technology.
In addition to the TMT laser guide subsystem, the National Astronomical Observatory and the Nanjing Tianguang Institute also cooperated with the Changchun Institute of Optics and Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and undertook the research and development of the high-precision grinding technology of the TMT master mirror unit, the processing tasks of some sub-mirrors, and the TMT third mirror and its drive. Institutional design and manufacturing work.
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