Scrap cable is a complex can be used to recover from renewable raw materials of non-ferrous metals. The purpose of producing cable cores is generally copper of M0 and M1 grades or aluminum of A1 and A2 grades. Insulating materials are usually made of paper, rubber, polymeric materials, cloth, asphalt and resins. C3 grade lead , aluminum, rubber, polymer materials, etc. for cable sheathing. The cable sheath with a diameter of 4 to 5 mm thick galvanized steel wire and 0.1 to 1.0 mm, width 55 to 60 mm strip.
Removing insulation is the most complicated process in waste cable processing. In industrial practice, various disassembly methods are used for waste cables and waste wires: mechanical methods, chemical methods, high temperature methods, electrostatic methods, and cryogenic freezing methods.
In order to more completely break down copper, insulation and ferrous metal into separate products, it is advisable to divide the scrap cable and cable waste into two groups: (1) various waste cables with a core diameter of 7.5 mm and above; (2) A waste electric wire of a polymerized insulating layer and a waste cable having a core diameter of 0.5 to 7.5 mm.
The mechanical disintegration mechanical disintegration method is the most widely used waste cable processing method at home and abroad. Its characteristics are simple structure and no environmental pollution. The mechanical disintegration of waste cables takes place on a variety of machine tools, special equipment and production lines.
First, the waste wire is mechanically disassembled, and then the crushed materials are sorted into metal and insulator by sorting methods such as re-election, magnetic separation, and electrostatic separation. The construction of these disintegration devices has been designed with the characteristics of the material being processed in mind.
The waste cable disintegration machine (Fig. 1) manufactured by the Donetsk Recycling Non-Ferrous Metals Production Complex has been well received in practical applications. This disintegration machine can be used to disassemble a complex cable with a diameter of 20 to 80 mm, which consists of two main mating machines, a waste cable supply machine and a slitting machine. When feeding, the waste cable clamp must be pressed into two reverse-rotating rollers. The adjustment bolt can be rotated according to the diameter of the disassembled cable to adjust the spacing between the two rollers. The spacing of the cutting discs can also be adjusted with adjustment means. The following are the technical parameters of this disintegration machine:
Cutting cutter: diameter (mm) 220
Speed ​​(rev / min) 47
Feed wheel: diameter (mm) 450
Speed ​​(rev / min) 11
Feeding speed (m / s) 0.25
Dismantling machine processing capacity (ton / hour) 0.8 ~ 1.2
Motor power (kW) 4.5
Figure 1 Waste cable disintegration machine
1-feed wheel; 2-nut; 3-parallelogram frame; 4-cutter;
5-adjustment device; 6-universal shaft; 7-reducer; 8-transmission
Before disassembling the cable, the waste cable cutter should be used to cut the waste cable to a line length of 2 meters or less with a crocodile or boring cutter. The disintegration machine does not preclude the manual removal of steel wire windings or sheaths from the already cut waste cables.
Danish Xike's waste cable disintegration machine (Fig. 2) is suitable for the disintegration of waste cables from 11 to 152 mm. The disintegration machine is provided with a supply wheel, and the wheel is provided with a one-way tooth and a longitudinal groove for removing the hemp rope. The cable sheath is cut longitudinally by the blade. The knife edge also turns the cut wrapper, causing the core to partially disengage. The lifting of the blade and the position of the feed wheel can be adjusted according to the diameter of the cable. The armor and sheath that have been cut by the disintegrator must also be manually removed from the metal core. This is the main drawback of this disintegration machine. The following are the technical parameters of the company's waste cable disintegration machine:
Type 3 Type 5
Processing cable diameter (mm) 15～80 40～130
Feed wheel diameter (mm) 220 400
Cable supply speed (m / s) 0.5 0.5
Processing capacity (ton / hour) 0.35 ~ 0.5 0.8 ~ 1.2
Motor power (kW) 10 15
Figure 2 XC Corporation's waste cable disintegration machine
1-rack; 2-transmission device; 3-feed wheel; 4-slide; 5--bolt; 6-blade; 7-guide
Disassembled device for processing waste wires with a diameter of 10 mm and with polymer, rubber and paper, and a waste wire with a core cross-section of 0.5 mm or more (Fig. 3), including a Hammer Crusher and a Typhoon selection machine. The fine particles are sieved out of the insulator, and a sieve having a sieve surface of 1.2 to 1.5 m 2 is used. For waste wire coils weighing 3 to 5 kg, they are first crushed by a hammer crusher and then sent to a wind sorter for sorting. After the insulating material is sieved, metal fine particles are selected. The waste wire disintegration device has a capacity to process copper wire and aluminum wire of 150 to 200 kg/hr and 100 kg/hr, respectively.
Figure 3 Waste wire disintegration device
1-crusher; 2-rotor feeder; 3-screener; 4-air separator; 5-fan; 6-gas tank
Not for the steel skin or sheath of braided steel, copper or aluminum (diameter 0.6 to 7.5 mm and a total cross-sectional area less than 44 mm 2) for the scrap wire process, All-Union Research and Design Institute nonferrous metal and assembled into the development of an The production line of the rotor crusher is used. The entire assembly line includes: a loading conveyor, a CMД-149 crusher, a broken product pneumatic conveyor, and several pneumatic sorters. A coil of waste wire having a diameter of 500 mm or less is loaded into the crusher via a conveyor. The waste wire coil is broken between the blades of the stator blade and the rotor blade and then falls onto the punching screen. The line segment that has not been screened is grasped by the rotor blade and then pulverized until it can pass through the mesh hole. The crushed product is sent for pneumatic sorting to separate the insulating layer from the metal. [next]
Kuzbas Recycling Non-Ferrous Metals Production-Acquisition Authority has a copper or aluminum core armored waste cable (excluding lead-skin cable) disintegration device (Fig. 4), suitable for processing diameters of 50-150 mm and lengths up to 1200 mm Waste cable.
The whole installation includes: a hammer crusher, a pneumatic conveyor system with a receiver and two-stage pneumatic sorting function, a light component collection and discharge device, a metal product collection conveyor, and a magnetic wheel. . The processing capacity of the device can reach 2 tons / hour, the copper content in copper concentrate is 90 ~ 95%, and the recovery rate of finished metal is 98%.
Figure 4 Armored waste cable disassembly device
1-crusher; 2-loader; 3-unloader;
4--pneumatic conveying device receiving device; 5-air pipe; 6-unloading bin;
7-impeller feeder; 8-I stage pneumatic separator; 9-pneumatic conveyor fan;
10,11-unloading bin; 12-gas storage tank; 13-impeller type unloader; 14-II stage pneumatic sorting machine;
15-cyclone; 16- silo; 17-pneumatic sorting fan; 18-car; 19-metal collecting conveyor; 20-magnetic wheel
The United States uses a variety of highly mechanized granulator (knife crusher) systems to disassemble waste cables. The various waste reels and coils are cut into a pulverized granulator after being cut by a sickle-type scissors shear. The material leaking from the granulator screen is sent for magnetic separation and re-pulverized in a secondary pulverizer to remove the insulation. The pulverized material was sieved by vibration on two sieves. The screened product is fed from two screens into a pneumatic sorter. In a pneumatic separator, the insulator particles are carried away by the gas stream, and the metal is deposited and then sent for smelting. The intermediate product (wire with residual insulation) is returned to the secondary pulverizer. The processing capacity of the assembly line is 2.0 tons/hour, and the recovery rate of copper is 99.0 to 99.5% when processing large-sized and medium-sectional area waste wires, and 90.0 to 92.0% when processing thin wires.
Alpine and Alpine-Lurgie (pre-West Germany) system devices are widely used in foreign countries to cut the waste cable to a particle size of about 500 mm. In the subsequent process, the crushed steel particles are sorted by a cylindrical Magnetic Separator, and this process can also prolong the service life of the blades in the crusher. Subsequently, all the materials enter the first of the two zigzag pneumatic sorting machines arranged in sequence (Fig. 5), sorting paper, cloth, and the like. The finely divided material is sent to the cyclone along with the air for sorting.
Figure 5 Movement of airflow and material in a zigzag pneumatic sorter
1- coarse material; 2-fine material; 3-air
The first pneumatic separator has a cross-sectional area of ​​8 decimeters 2 and has 18 elbows with an updraft speed of 5 m/s. The material is loaded by the bin feeder near the middle of the pipe.
The pellet material is then sent to another sorter. The cross section of this sorting machine is the same as that of the first one, but there are two more bending managers, and the air movement speed is about 11 m/s. After the material is sorted by the second pneumatic sorting machine, it enters the Roteplex crusher, and is then sent to the next zigzag pneumatic sorting machine. The coarse material from the third sorting machine is already the finished product---copper, and the fine-grained material needs to be processed in several stages. The fine material is sent to the distribution silo by the air flow, and then the silo enters the crusher of four internal screens (mesh diameter 1.0-1.5 mm). After this crushing stage, the material is sent to a pneumatic sorter (section 5 cm 2 , 15 bends). The coarse material from the last sorting machine can be sent for electrostatic sorting to produce pure copper, insulation and intermediate products. [next]
Magnetic separation is also required to remove iron impurities from the copper. The Alpine-Lurgie system can produce high-purity copper (copper content 99.2 to 99.8%) with a processing capacity of 1.2 to 1.5 tons of waste cable per hour and copper loss of no more than 0.5%. In order to prevent dust from polluting the atmosphere, an automatic filter with a filter area of ​​160 m 2 is used for vacuuming.
The disintegration of a scrap copper cable having a core diameter of 0.5 to 7.5 mm may be carried out by an Alpine apparatus (Fig. 6). The processing capacity of this device is 500 kg / h, the copper content in copper concentrate is 99%, and the copper content in tailings is below 1%.
Figure 6 Process flow of processing copper solid core cable with Alpine device
1, 3-Rotoplex crusher; 2-belt conveyor; 4, 8-fan;
5, 9-cyclone; 6, 10-plate locking machine; 7-zigzag sorting machine; 11- silo; 12-transport air duct
Japan has developed a device for continuously recovering copper from waste wires and waste cables. The main part of the unit is several pulverizers with cutting inserts made of a high hardness alloy. The first pulverizer shreds the material to a particle size of 20 to 40 mm and then feeds the material into a second pulverization stage. The material after secondary pulverization (particle size 3 to 12 mm) is fed through an intermediate silo to a device for separating metal from the insulator by the action of vibration and gas flow. If the unit is equipped with a magnetic separator, it can also handle multi-core composite cables. The recovery rate of concentrate metal is 85 to 98% depending on the raw materials. The processing capacity of each part of the device is 500 kg / h, 1000 kg / h and 2000 kg / h.
A factory in the US Suswal company is processing copper or aluminum cables with plastic wraps (no steel and lead cables). The process used in the plant (Fig. 7) is to cut a waste cable or wire with a diameter of 100 mm or less into a line length of 150 to 300 mm with a boring cutter, and then remove the iron into the magnetic separator. Next, the line segment enters the first crusher along the vibrating trough and the plate tilting conveyor to produce a product having a particle size of 30 to 40 mm. After the first stage of crushing, the iron assembly is sorted by an electromagnet and then the material is fed to a secondary crusher. In the secondary crusher, the waste cables and wires are first broken into a particle size of about 9 mm, which is then broken into a particle size of 4 mm. After the crushing, the product enters the pneumatic vibration sorting device to prepare metal, plastic and intermediate products. The intermediate product was transferred to the third crusher for re-crushing and sorting.
Figure 7 Process flow of plastic foreskin waste cable in a factory in Sussart
1-automatic loading and unloading vehicle; 2-shearing machine; 3, 6-plate conveyor; 4-magnetic separator; 5-vibration tank;
7-first crusher; 8-electromagnetic selection; 9, 11-transformer; 10-second crusher;
12-third crusher; 13, 15-lift; 14-distributor; 16-shaker; 17-bin
The processing capacity of the equipment in this US factory is 5 tons/hour for waste aluminum cables and 7 tons/hour for waste copper cables. 7 equipment operators. The metal contains 0.1% plastic, while the plastic contains 2% metal. After a second cycle of treatment, the metal content of the plastic can be reduced to 0.2%. [next]
Figure 8 is a disintegration device for lead-and-rubber multi-core copper cable aluminum cable developed by Quansu Recycling Non-Ferrous Metal Scientific Research and Design Institute. The device is actually a furnace apparatus including a firing chamber and a cooling chamber, a steam condenser and a tubular radiant burner.
Figure 8 Waste cable non-oxidation roaster
1, 4-cooling chamber; 2-baking chamber; 3-electric drive;
5-vapor condenser; 6-roller bottom; 7-push and close mechanism
The anaerobic heat treatment of the waste cable is carried out directly in the roasting chamber to burn natural gas . The bins with the waste cables (5-6 tons) are placed on the bottom of the roller furnace driven by the winch and fed into the roasting chamber from both sides.
In the treatment of lead and asphalt coated cables, the first melt (200 ° C) in the firing chamber is bitumen, followed by evaporation of volatiles followed by lead melting (250 ° C). The furnace body is provided with a discharge port for lead and asphalt. After the heat treatment, the cable was cooled to 200 ° C with water and then subjected to mechanical disintegration.
The waste cable for rubber sheathing can be disposed in a roasting chamber at a temperature of 400 ° C, then cooled at 200 ° C with water, and then placed in the open air to cause the rubber band to rupture. The rubber layer has been broken and sent for mechanical treatment.
The non-oxidizing environment in the roasting chamber is ensured by the sealing of the furnace body, the residual pressure (100 Pa) caused in the furnace, and the dosing of the air required for natural gas combustion. The gas containing the volatile material of the cable insulation generated during the calcination is burned off after being treated by the condenser. When calcined, the metal does not oxidize and does not emit toxic substances into the atmosphere. Since the waste cable is alternately fed into the roasting chamber from both sides, the entire apparatus can be operated continuously.
When the waste cable is widely treated by heat treatment in foreign countries, the furnace used has a necessary part of the burnout chamber. The Peco furnace in the United States has a main chamber, a burnout chamber and a wet scrubber, which burn heavy oil and can operate continuously. After the waste cable is packed into the steel basket, it is placed in the insulation burning chamber. In the firing chamber, the lead is melted and then flows into the ingot mold along the special channel of the furnace bottom. The copper is discharged from the steel basket to the opposite end of the body. The gas and ascending compound enter the burnout chamber above the main chamber. This layout saves area and can utilize the heat generated by the insulation and fuel combustion. The final harmless treatment of the offgas is carried out in a scrubber.
The double chamber furnace of Schafer Brothers has a belt conveyor made of high carbon steel mesh. After the waste device is attached to the conveyor, the conveyor is operated at a predetermined speed (25 to 38 mm/min) at which the insulation layer can be completely burned out. After reaching the discharge opening, the metal mixture and ash are sent to the mesh shaker for ash removal. The pure metal wire is then processed by the compact.
In the burnout room, the temperature can rise to 830 ~ 1000 °C. The brick lattice located between the burnout chamber and the exhaust duct reduces the speed of smoke and gas, and causes the smoke and gas to burn more fully. This dual chamber furnace has a capacity to process waste cables of approximately 2.3 tons per hour.
Waste wires with a polymer insulation of less than 3 mm in diameter can be handled in the drum. To do this, the wire is cut into sections and placed in a screen-type drum and heated to 180-220 °C. The drum then begins to rotate, at which time the molten polymer is forced by the centrifugal force onto the drum wall and flows out along the wall holes. Leaving in the drum is a pure metal suitable for metallurgical treatment. The most economical engine for the drum drive is the internal combustion engine. The exhaust gas emitted by the engine enters the cavity of the drum.
For the disposal of waste cables with paper, rubber, neoprene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane and other polymer insulation layers, it is recommended to use pyrolysis, which is to distill and condense volatile substances in the sealing system under pressure. The layer is thermally decomposed. The autoclave was charged with scrap first cable from coal gas heating furnace or electric furnace. Then, according to the difference of the insulating materials, the autoclave is kept at a certain temperature. The optimum temperature for treating the paper insulation waste cable is 260 ~ 300 ° C, the optimum temperature for treating the asphalt insulation waste cable is 300 ~ 450 ° C, and the optimum temperature for processing the polymer insulation waste cable is 370 ~ 480 ° C. The pressure in the autoclave is 140 to 280 kPa. Compared with the atmospheric pressure, the pressure increase in the autoclave accelerates the destruction process of the insulating layer by 4 to 9 times.
After the heat treatment of the insulating layer, the metal should be separated from the solid pyrolysis product by mechanical means such as sieving. The sorted metal should have a clean surface with no trace of oxidation. By-products of pyrolysis are oils, tars, light hydrocarbons, pyrolytic carbons, and hydrogen chloride (hydrogen chloride is produced during the processing of waste cables containing polyvinyl chloride insulation).
Due to oxidation, most of the waste cable heat treatment devices have a metal loss of 5 to 7%.
In the heat treatment process, the process system must be strictly observed to avoid polluting the environment.
Chemical removal of insulation Chemical removal of the insulation layer should be carried out using salt melts, solutions and organic solvents that do not react with the conductive metal.
The hydroxides of various basic metals are fusible materials, and their melting points (° C.) are: LiOH-445; NaOH-318.5; KOH-360.5; RbOH-301; CsOH-272.3.
One of the chemical methods is to place a waste cable into a steel basket and load a hydroxide melt (300 ° C) of an alkali metal. After the insulation is dissolved, pure metal remains in the steel basket. The metal recovery rate is close to 100%.
The removal of the insulation can also be carried out in an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution heated to 150 ° C (about 30 ° C above the melting point of the plastic). [next]
The chemical method also includes the use of an autoclave to treat the waste cable. The waste cable with the insulating layer was pre-cut into sections of 6 to 12 mm, and then pneumatically sorted, and the heavy components were placed in a perforated basket and placed in an oil-filled autoclave. The oil heated to 230 to 290 ° C removes the insulation, tin , and solder from the cable in a circulating flow manner. The material was retained in the autoclave for 1.5 to 3.0 hours and cooled to 140 °C. After cooling, the cable is usually sent to a hammer crusher for crushing, and then the oil is removed from the cable by a washing method on a vibrating conveyor, dried, and finally magnetically and pneumatically sorted.
When treating a waste electric wire or cable of a polyvinyl chloride insulating layer, dichloroethane, cyclohexanone, formyl dimethylamine, tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone or the like may be used as a solvent. The physical properties of these solvents are as follows:
Melting point (°C) boiling point (°C)
Melting point (°C) boiling point (°C)
Dichloroethane CH 3 CHAl 2 -96.3 57.3
Ethyl ketone COCH 2 CH(CH 3 ) (CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 169
Tetrahydrofuran OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -65 54-66
Butadiene copper CH 3 COC 2 H 2 -86.4 79.6
The high volatility, flammability and toxicity of organic solvents make the large-scale use of the above-mentioned fused products promising.
The use of chemical methods to remove insulation from waste wires and cables requires complex equipment and a large amount of chemical reagents (most of which are corrosive and toxic). The wastewater needs to be carefully cleaned and the waste gas needs to be treated harmlessly. At the same time, however, the chemical process has the advantage of avoiding metal loss and producing high quality non-ferrous metals.
Gravel And Sand Screen Machine
YK Series circular Vibrating Screen, also called vibrator screener machine, or vibratory screenig machine, can be used to separate minerals into various sizes for further processing in crusher. It incorporates a vibrator, eccentric block, mesh, spring, triangular belt and motor and is used for discharging bulky goods, sand, gravel, coal and coke from hopper to crusher. We can design and supply all ranges of vibrating screens according to the capacity and requirement.
The circular vibrating screen causes the motion trajectory to approximate a circle, so it is simply referred to as a circular vibrating screen. The circular vibrating screen is a multi-layer, high-efficiency new vibrating screen. The circular vibrating screen adopts the simplified eccentric shaft exciter and the eccentric block to adjust the amplitude. The material sieve has a long line and many screening specifications. It is widely used in product classification of mining, building materials, transportation, energy, chemical and other industries.
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