China's river alluvial sand gold mine accounts for a large proportion of total gold reserves, thus forming the current gold mining, mainly based on ship mining, supplemented by hydraulic mining and excavator mining.
The characteristics of China's gold mining are one of a wide range and a small scale. Second, since most of the non-frozen sand gold mines in the north have been developed and utilized, the proportion of frozen sand gold mines in mining and utilization is gradually increasing. The boulders and cemented layers in the farmland above the southern sand gold ore body have become an insurmountable obstacle to gold mining. In addition, the threat of flooding, the thickness of the same ore body and the large changes in burial depth have brought various disadvantages to the construction of the ship. In addition, the external construction conditions are difficult, the investment growth is increasing, and the mining is becoming more and more complicated. China's gold mining has been carried out from scratch, from small (50L) to large (300L), from Heilongjiang to the country, and achieved remarkable results.
According to China's production practices, the introduction of foreign advanced technology, the selection of gold mining vessels from a single fixed chute to a movable tape chute, the complete elimination process. The application of DC motor, silicon-powered transmission power supply device, hydraulic transmission and industrial TV on gold mining vessels has improved the equipment level of gold mining vessels. The successful use of pile-shoulder-type gold mining vessels for mining gold deposits is beneficial to After harvesting, the field is restored.
In the gold mining ship development method, the foundation pit development method is widely applied. On the basis of the conventional foundation pit, two gold mining vessels are simultaneously constructed at one shipbuilding site, and a common foundation pit is applied; in the mine with large groundwater inflow The main foundation pit and pier foundation pit are used for the construction of the ship; the full foundation pit is used on the shallow ore body; the gold mining ship is built on the ice in the north to build a punt; the pier foundation pit is built on the shore. The sewage and airbags are launched, which is convenient for construction and reduces the amount of foundation pits and drainage equipment.
In terms of mining, the application of grass cover method to prevent seasonal frozen soil, the test loose blasting method has achieved certain experience in the treatment of seasonal frozen soil. In the open-air mechanized mining site, the permafrost mine has a successful experience in stripping and thawing Huma County in the same year, in Xinglongjin The use of rift soil pushing technology in mines, especially the application of large-scale bulldozers, can not only solve the need of pre-harvest ice-discharging, but also strengthen the stripping to strengthen mining.
In terms of mining technology, the Wanda Gas Gold Mine successfully exploited large-scale gold ore bodies and accumulated experience in large-scale gold mining vessels crossing the river in Sichuan Baishui Gold Mine. The combined mining of the pile and the first rope improves the production efficiency of the gold mining vessel.
In terms of environmental protection, Jilin Yanbian gold mining vessels first applied sludge sedimentation tanks for sewage purification. So far, this sewage treatment process has been widely used in ship mining mountains. The quarrying method of gravel on the lower fine sand was complemented by the bulldozer Futian.
In the construction of gold mining vessels, we have accumulated a wealth of practical experience. Under the condition of complete equipment and materials, it is only 3 to 7 months to build a gold mining vessel from 50L to 300L.
(1) Open pit mining
China's rock gold mines have a small proportion of exposure and small scale (Table 3.18.13), and some mines have no formal design. Some underground mines are produced on the surface of the open pits, such as the Jigou, Xiaoshan, Shandong and Jiaojia, Shandong.
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