"Companies keep in mind 'it is necessary to Jinshan Silver Hill, but also Guanghui'; 'rather to Guanghui, not gold and silver mines' concept, adhering to both the development of mineral resources, but also to protect the natural environment, designed to be environmentally friendly, To the development of green mines that require environmental protection and environmental protection, we must design a good design from the source, ensure first-class technology and equipment, and fully protect our investment. Explore a harmonious environment of mining and environmental protection in Tibet. Road." At the China Engineering Science and Technology Forum held on the theme of "Mineral Resources Situation and Development of Mining Countermeasures" held recently, Fang Zhonghua, secretary of the Disciplinary Committee of Tibet Huatailong Mining Development Co., Ltd., said.
As is known to all, Tibet is a huge "treasure bowl" with rich mineral resources. According to some data, Tibet has good metallogenic conditions. The Sanjiang metallogenic belt, the Yajiang metallogenic belt, the Bangong-Nujiang metallogenic belt and the Gangdese metallogenic belt have been discovered. The mineral resources are relatively complete and widely distributed. There are not only minerals such as gold and gold, but also minerals such as chromium and copper , which are in short supply in the country, and the reserves of chromium and copper are large and the grade is high. Compared with the eastern part of China, Tibet's unique mineral resources have an important complementary role to China's mineral resources.
On the other hand, Tibet is known as the “last piece of pure land†in China, but its natural conditions are harsh, its geological environment is complex, its oxygen is thin, and its ecosystem is fragile. How to protect this piece of pure land has become a concern of all parties. Because of this, some people think that the harsh natural conditions in Tibet are not conducive to mineral development. Some people in the industry speculate that for the sake of protecting the fragile ecological environment, the local authorities do not agree to the development of minerals.
Can mineral resources in Tibet be developed? If mineral resources are developed in Tibet, how to do environmental protection? Is there a model for success? The practice of Huatailong Mining may provide some inspiration.
Policy level requires a high starting point for mineral development
In 2016, the party committee and government of the Tibet Autonomous Region clearly proposed to vigorously cultivate and strengthen the industries with distinctive advantages, and strive to create a group of high-profile brand with high reputation, including the mining industry.
At the same time, the Tibet Autonomous Region government strictly evaluates the environmental impact assessment of land resources development, strictly enforces the environmental supervision of major projects, strictly implements the “one pen†approval system for the exploration and development of mineral resources, and strictly enforces the “one-vote veto†system for environmental protection. Three high-level enterprises and projects with zero approval and zero introduction.
Because of this, in the work report of the Tibet Autonomous Region Government in 2017, it was clearly pointed out that the market promotion should be strengthened, and the scale development of green industries should be promoted. Focusing on the park economy, vigorously develop green processing industries and strengthen the planning, construction and operation management of industrial parks. Support the Lhasa National Economic and Technological Development Zone, the Tibetan Green Industrial Park and other parks to accelerate development, including nurturing and expanding emerging industries and accelerating the construction of clean energy bases.
At the China Engineering Science and Technology Forum, the first Tibetan academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the former party secretary of the Tibet Autonomous Region Land and Resources Bureau, and the former director of the Tibet Autonomous Region Geology and Minerals Bureau, Doji, raised the topic of developing green mining and building green mines.
Duoji said that enterprises and management departments should pay attention to the development of green mining and building green mines. It is necessary to increase publicity and publicize the concept, core content and significance of green mining. Modern mining is not to damage the environment, but to protect the environment, and even to re-create the environment. This concept requires great publicity, understanding, understanding, and social recognition.
“Whether it is looking for mine or mining, the impression that mining gives people always seems to damage the environment. In fact, this is not explained by ourselves. We have not done our job at the science level.†Dorje spoke in his speech, current protection. The environment is the country's major policy, and it is the most important thing for the general secretary. It is also the unshirkable responsibility of the mining industry. As far as the Tibet region is concerned, there are not many people in mining companies and mining jobs, and they can make a small voice. Therefore, it is necessary to explain to the society well that the mining industry is the protection of the environment, the proponent, not the destroyer.
He proposed that the next step should be to set up mining associations and green mine promotion associations in Tibet to jointly appeal and jointly promote and jointly promote the promotion of mining to economic and social development. "Especially in ethnic minority areas like Tibet, we will introduce advanced concepts and advanced experiences to the frontiers, build borders, develop frontiers, exchange and blend with local ethnic minorities, promote national unity and social progress, and develop the economy. Protected the environment."
"At present, the mining enterprises in Tibet are doing very well, but the outside world does not understand, and it is urgent to publicize, so that people understand and understand modern mining management, information management and intelligent management." Dorje firmly believes that relying on high technology and modern management With the help of technology and laws and regulations, the green concept can cover the whole process of mining from exploration to development. What is most needed now is to increase the intensity of external publicity to win the support of the whole society.
A successful model for the development of harmonious development with environmental protection
Some insiders said that Tibet is not a ban on mineral development, but based on the particularity and importance of its geographical environment, it has set a higher and stricter entry threshold and requirements for mining development. Therefore, whether mining development and environmental protection can be harmonious is more critical and more important for mineral development in Tibet.
In fact, there is already such a successful example in Tibet. Tibet Huatailong Mining Development Co., Ltd. is a mining enterprise that has done a very good job in this respect. Its development and construction of the Jiama Copper Polymetallic Mine has become a benchmark mine in Tibet.
Jiama is a Tibetan language, translated into Chinese as the "mother of the hundred ditch", meaning a rich land of one hundred miles, but in the past this is just an auspicious meaning, the reality is not the case.
Although the Jiama copper polymetallic mine has been discovered for a long time, in the early days, many small-scale private enterprises polluted the environment because of disorderly mining. Although the mining owners made money, the people in the area did not benefit from it.
In 2007, under the support of the Party Committee and the government of the Tibet Autonomous Region, China Gold Group followed the strategic thinking of the Tibet Autonomous Region Government “introducing state-owned large-scale enterprises to participate in the integrated development of Tibet's mineral resources†and established Tibet Huatailong Mining Development Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Huatai). Long Company), the development and construction of the Jiama Copper Polymetallic Mine. In December of the same year, Huatailong Company officially entered the Jiama Mining Area. After more than half a year, after difficult negotiations, the company successfully integrated many complex mineral rights, changed the disorderly state of mining development, and realized the efficient and safe mineral resources. The foundation for environmental protection and scale development has been fully utilized, and the social responsibility of central enterprises has been fully exerted, paving the way for leading all ethnic groups to pursue common prosperity.
At the forum, Fang Zhonghua introduced that Tibet Huatailong Mining Co., Ltd. is a comprehensive large-scale mining company integrating geological exploration, mining, mineral processing and scientific research. The development of the Jiama copper polymetallic ore is the largest copper polymetallic ore mine in China. First, the mining rights area is 144 square kilometers. On July 19, 2010, the first phase of the project (6000 tons/day) was officially put into operation. On December 1 of the same year, the company successfully listed and traded in Hong Kong. In December 2016, the second phase of the expansion project with an investment of 6.7 billion yuan was put into operation. 40,000 tons / day, with an annual output of about 60,000 tons of copper, 1 ton of gold, 53 tons of silver, 2,900 tons of molybdenum .
As of the end of 2016, the company has proven mineral geological resources: copper 7.25 million tons, molybdenum 700,000 tons, gold 175 tons, silver 10854 tons, lead 1.11 million tons, zinc 640,000 tons; according to the existing production capacity, A mining enterprise that can be mined for 100 years. The materials obtained by the reporter from the local government show that in 2013 alone, the company paid a tax of 400 million yuan, and the taxpayer ranked first among the mining enterprises in the region, becoming the benchmark enterprise for the development of Tibet's dominant mining industry.
At the same time of its own development, the company has also led the local Tibetan compatriots to make a fortune through the implementation of Huimin project, the promotion of localization of employment, the construction of various wealth-rich platforms, and various kinds of assistance activities. The change has truly become a rich land and has become a veritable "Kema".
Green mine construction is the secret of success
“Technology first, create a high standard of eco-friendly process.†Fang Zhonghua explained that the company's overall design uses domestic leading, world-class mineral processing technology and technical equipment, of which large semi-autogenous grinding equipment specifications are second in Asia and third in the world. Through the cooperation with domestic scientific research units to carry out scientific and technological research, the latest technology and environmental protection measures are used in the mining and selection process. Open-pit mining implements mine land protection and land reclamation measures, and implements 24-hour radar detection on open pit slopes; the concentrator adopts green environmental protection processes such as tailings filter-type dry-discharge storage and wastewater recycling, realizing industrial wastewater No platooning provides technical support for protecting the ecological environment in Tibet.
“According to local conditions, carry out mining greening and soil and water conservation work.†Fang Zhonghua said that the company’s second phase expansion project is expected to invest 93.03 million yuan in water and soil conservation. At present, the company has invested 23.4 million yuan to build a 9.5-kilometer mine road. More than 8,000 gold silk willows and various flowers and plants are planted on both sides of the road. Invested 33 million yuan to carry out water and soil conservation and tree planting and greening projects in the mining area, and applied the under-film drip irrigation technology to the greening project. The introduction of Beijing Yang and local seabuckthorn, Tibetan Daren and barley, rapeseed and other green plant experiments at different altitudes and success. The Chinese Golden Jiama Public Welfare Forest Project was launched. The cadres and employees were obliged to plant thousands of trees of love, so that the total area of ​​transplanted and reclaimed green areas in the mining area reached 470,000 square meters. In line with the principle of governance while building, the relevant governance projects are progressing simultaneously.
“The use of energy-saving equipment is widely used to protect the mining area from a blue sky.†Fang Zhonghua said that the company invested 15 million yuan to lay 15,000 cubic meters of solar panels in production and living areas, and truly realized an anthracite mining area, compared with the fuel heating scheme. It can reduce harmful gas emissions by 5,000 tons. The crushing ore, grinding and flotation, concentrate dewatering, tailings pressure filtration and other workshops of the ore dressing plant adopt high-efficiency energy-saving equipment, and adopt frequency converter speed regulation for various fans and pump equipment, saving about 30% of energy; It consumes only 20 kilowatt hours and has reached a leading level in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
“Governance background water exceeds the standard and protect the mining area from clear water.†Fang Zhonghua explained that the company’s mining area and its surrounding areas are primary hydrogeological conditions. Due to the large amount of sulfide minerals in the sulfur-rich deposits, a series of physics such as weathering, leaching, oxidation and hydrolysis Under the action of chemical and biochemical reactions, the acidic liquid containing sulfuric acid is gradually formed, resulting in excessive heavy metals in the background. To this end, the company has set up a water management leading group to implement a series of water treatment projects using advanced HDS technology. Among them, only the total investment of the over-standard water treatment project in the Stubou water basin outside the mining area reached 72 million yuan.
“Do a good job in comprehensive utilization of resources to achieve maximum economic value.†Fang Zhonghua said that the company will collaborate with scientific research institutes to overcome the problem of international multi-metal separation technology, so that copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver and molybdenum will be present in the ore body of Jiama mining area. A variety of valuable metals are recycled. The comprehensive recovery rate of copper can reach 91.47%, gold 67.55%, silver 67.23%, and molybdenum 48.24%, achieving comprehensive recycling of resources. For the waste rock of about 10 million cubic meters produced every year during the production and construction process, the company maximizes the use of internal roads, building road retaining walls and free use of surrounding villagers' houses according to the hardness and use value of waste rock. Mine resources.
Proposed to introduce environmental protection outstanding enterprise incentive policy
According to the experience of the company in implementing ecological and environmental protection construction in the plateau ecologically fragile areas in recent years and the practical difficulties encountered in the work, Fang Zhonghua put forward three suggestions:
First, strengthen the promotion of green mine construction, and take green mine construction as a synchronous condition for resource development. The state provides support funds, accelerates the transformation of green mine new processes and new materials, and provides scientific and technological support for green mine construction.
Second, the relevant departments should fully consider the impact of metal price fluctuations in the environmental protection tax of mining enterprises or the collection of other enterprises' taxes and fees. In 2018, China's new environmental protection law will impose a sewage charge on solid waste discharge. Because domestic mineral resources endowment is not good, it is greatly affected by the international metal price market. Many enterprises are currently on the verge of loss. Taxes and fees will definitely affect the healthy development of the national energy and mineral industry.
The third is to introduce incentives or compensation mechanisms for outstanding environmental protection enterprises. At present, the state is gradually increasing the investigation of environmental responsibility. There is only a certain proportion of requirements for environmental protection investment. It is recommended that in addition to setting the requirements for environmental protection to enter the bottom line, enterprises with certain environmental protection inputs can adopt tax incentives or special funds. The way of rewarding encourages enterprises to increase investment in environmental protection and create a new image of mining enterprises with clear water and blue sky.
"Environmental protection has a long way to go. We are duty-bound to carry out mineral resources development in the ecologically fragile areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We will not forget the initial development of Tibetan resources development and continue to adhere to the development path of plateau mining and green harmony." Fang Zhonghua’s words are serious, and they also have a mission of “responsibility is more important than Mount Taiâ€.
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