Recently, the transportation departments of ten cities in Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Wuhan, Chengdu, Xi'an, Changsha, Hangzhou, Chongqing and Nanjing held a symposium on the management of taxi deepening reform and network reservation for taxis (referred to as network car, commonly known as special car). I listened to the opinions and suggestions of the "Guiding Opinions on Deepening Reform and Further Promoting the Healthy Development of the Taxi Industry (Draft for Comment)" and "Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Rental Taxi Management Services (Draft for Comment)".
Yesterday, this discussion continued to heat up. The Beijing Municipal Transportation Commission organized a traditional rental company, a network car rental platform, and the head of the competent department to discuss the two documents of the Ministry of Communications. The relevant person in charge of the Beijing Municipal Transportation Commission said that Beijing is actively studying relevant reforms.
Last night, more than a dozen economics and legal experts also held a discussion on the "new car regulations" at the National Development Research Institute of Peking University. Zhou Qiren, a well-known economics professor, believes that the "new regulations for special vehicles" should not be formulated in accordance with national uniform standards, but should be handed over to local governments for pilot projects.
Liu Xiaoming, director of the Transportation Department of the Ministry of Transport, led the team to participate in this discussion and listen to expert opinions. He said that the Ministry of Communications had made a clear statement before issuing the draft for comments. The Internet is about to ban private cars from renting cars, and hopes to be misplaced with traditional taxis.
Liu Xiaoming revealed that according to the second quarter congestion index announced by Gao De, Beijing, Guangzhou, Hangzhou and Shenzhen, although the implementation of motor vehicle purchase restrictions, but the second quarter of the congestion index has risen. "This time coincides with the time when the Internet is about to prevail." And some urban transportation departments have already conducted research, and traffic congestion is related to special vehicles.
He said that it is necessary to treat the new regulations with an open attitude. At least for now, it is a legal position for the special car. As for the specific methods such as access, it is necessary to further listen to the opinions of the society. Liu Xiaoming said that taxi reform cannot adopt a "suffocation" approach and needs to be gradual.
Focus 1
Can the car form a management system alone?
The person in charge of the new moon rental company: I think that the “special car†is included in the taxi management. This positioning is accurate and has strong pertinence and operability. The industry generally believes that taxis are the world's most expensive passenger transport mode and the least efficient tool. These two years have become the first choice and hot discussion, which is not normal. Personally, I feel that the essence of this is the tension between supply and demand. There has been no increase in quantity for more than a decade, which has also affected the traditional rental to provide diversified travel demand.
Wu Yixing, managing partner of Beijing Daxiao Law Firm: The new regulations directly incorporate this form of operation into the traditional taxi management. This is unreasonable. I read it out from the new regulations and define the car through the network. Achieve pairing "taking a taxi."
I think that the car is a new format and is a personalized service for the needs of consumers. In addition, the special car is not a supplement to the traditional rental market, but like the traditional taxi, it is an effective supplement in the urban transportation system. Such a new format requires us to face it again, rather than using old means to regulate it.
The head of the first car about the car: From the perspective of the operation mode of the network car, it is essentially a taxi or a supplement to the city's public transportation, so there is no need to separately develop management measures. However, the “Department Order†proposed a special vehicle to develop differentiated services. The current provisions do not reflect the differences, especially for the individual audit of the driver and the assessment of the service ability. At present, it is similar to the ordinary taxi driver.
Focus 2
Does the car need a franchise to be reasonable?
Well-known economics expert Zhang Weiying: When the government formulates market supervision rules, the government always proposes to protect the interests of consumers, and everything must be managed, for fear that consumers will suffer a little injury. This is a manifestation of "nanny-type government."
In fact, the market's reputation mechanism will maintain market order and allow companies to operate in a healthy manner. In general, for example, investors have to spend 1 billion yuan to set up an online car platform. For their own reputation, there must be strict regulations on driver access and vehicle quality. At the same time, under the influence of the reputation mechanism, a large platform will eventually form. When there are only two or three large platforms left in the market, government supervision will be relatively easy.
Traffic expert Xu Kangming: The characteristics of taxi passenger service determine that it must be licensed by the government. This is also done in most cities in the world. Licensing management first ensures that there is a reliable third party protection between the rental carrier and the passengers, including passenger safety and passenger privacy. The third party is subject to government approval. If there is a problem with the vehicle and the driver, the government will seek the third party to blame.
Zhou Qiren, Professor of Economics, Peking University National Development Research Institute: In theory, the market can allocate resources, but there are always some constraints in the development process. The government can only rely on experience to determine where links may be restricted and will not leave nothing.
The Ministry of Communications's documents on the network car platform can be further simplified. Only the guiding opinions are issued for the whole country, and no unified binding clauses are allowed. The localities are encouraged to try more development plans that suit local characteristics.
Focus 3
Who should decide the price?
Xue Zhaofeng, a professor at the National Development Research Institute of Peking University: Price control is completely unnecessary in the era of the Internet. The core competitiveness of the Internet's current lease platform is big data. In the past, many drivers did not take orders and pick and choose. Today, the network car platform can make all drivers willing to take orders by means of dispatch and subsidy. The network car platform delivers orders through transparent and clear pricing. Although the price is changing, even as the demand changes, its standard is clear, and the consumers know beforehand that they are willing to accept of.
Reporting and applying in multiple places, and then forcing the network to change the identity of the car, extending the quantity control and price control, and imposing labor relations. Such a draft is not like an Internet solution, but an Internet-based solution, or a solution to eliminate the Internet.
Su Kui, Director of Guangzhou Passenger Transport Management Office: I think the core of the entire taxi supervision is the price mechanism. The so-called taxi supervision system is carried out around price supervision. After this method is introduced, I suggest that the tariff adjustment mechanism be set up in the Ministry. I have a research conclusion in the past. Other regulatory mechanisms are around the price mechanism. There should be supporting topics and guidance. This is further clarified to facilitate the entire taxi reform.
Focus 4
Can the access review authority be delegated to the company?
Wang Jiansheng, driver of the five-branch company of the North Taxi Company: If the enterprise is allowed to review the access, then the enterprise must first be qualified. If the platform does not have operational qualifications, it cannot select qualified and excellent drivers.
Wang Yuanfeng, deputy director of the Central Political and Political Affairs Department of the Jiu San Society, and director of the China Highway Society: What kind of model should be used to open the car, this issue requires careful study. At present, there are international views that “Yibuhua†is the general trend of sharing the economy in the future, and the sharing economy should be linked to the “evaluation mechanismâ€. How do we do a good job sharing the economy? At present, there is no theoretical support and no actual scientific research support. The government should strengthen the management of the platform, or strengthen the management of the special vehicles under the platform. This is a new problem brought about by the sharing of the economy. The specific supervision method presents new challenges to the government. . This is a big topic that needs to be explored.
Zhu Peter, vice president of China Urban Development Research Institute: It should be delegated to enterprises. This should be an open platform. The government must learn to authorize. In this process, the government should manage the platform and management policies and try not to be "referees." The platform has its own evaluation mechanism, which allows the common people (50.45, 0.00, 0.00%) to let third parties monitor and evaluate. Just like anti-corruption, a weapon of anti-corruption is to let public opinion supervise, let all information be disclosed, there will be thousands of people to supervise, if anything is government to supervise, when the problem is discovered, "little tiger" It became a "big tiger."
Focus 5
Can it be difficult to solve the problem of driving a car?
Wang Jiansheng, driver of the five-branch company of the North Taxi Company: It is not easy to completely solve the problem of taxiing. However, the classification of regular taxis into cruise taxis, car rentals and other services should alleviate the difficulty of taxiing.
Wang Yuanfeng, deputy director of the Central Political and Political Affairs Department of the Jiu San Society, and director of the China Highway Society: It is hard to say that it is a complete solution to the taxi, but it is definitely a trend. The special car "Yibu", this is the future sharing economy, is the megatrend of the third and fourth industrial revolution, can make better use of resources, is conducive to energy saving and emission reduction, and alleviate traffic congestion.
Zhu Peter, vice president of the China Urban Development Research Institute: can't say that it can solve the problem, but it can alleviate the problem of difficulty in taxiing. It is a systematic project to ease the difficulty of taxis. In addition to the management of special vehicles, it also includes the construction of public transportation system and how to better plan the city. It is not a single aspect that can solve the problem of taxis.
Tang Yuan, an expert from the Research Office of the State Council: I feel that the network car is conducive to alleviating the difficulty of the city and the difficulty of travel. Through investigations, we found that the network car effectively increased the city's taxi supply, eased the contradiction between supply and demand of taxis, and enabled the masses to travel conveniently and comfortably, reducing the need for self-driving or black-car travel, while solving the problem of travel difficulties. It has played a role in curbing the rapid growth of private cars and optimizing passenger transport.
In particular, the emergence of the rider, so that a single ride into a multi-person ride. While increasing convenience, it is an effective way to reduce emissions.
Focus 6
Private cars "running" will bring congestion?
Wang Jiansheng, driver of the five-branch company of the North Taxi Company: At present, Xianglong and First Auto have invested hundreds of cars, which is based on the current increase of more than 60,000 taxis. It should be said that the trend of Internet rental is unstoppable, which will definitely bring impact to the rental industry and promote changes in the rental industry. If more than 5 million private cars in Beijing are installed on the streets, it will not only bring about urban congestion, but also have no benefits for energy conservation, emission reduction and atmospheric management.
Wang Yuanfeng, deputy director of the Central Political and Political Affairs Department of the Jiu San Society, and director of the China Highway Society: Previously, the United States raised security issues, legal issues, and rights protection issues for the special car. More people questioned that the car would bring traffic congestion. It can only be said that this There are certain possibilities. However, traffic congestion is actually a problem of urban management and needs to be solved by large regulations. There will be positive benefits and special concerns for the car, but management can reduce the impact.
Zhu Peter, vice president of China Urban Development Research Institute: Urban congestion is a city management problem, not brought by special cars. First of all, everyone must have the concept of green travel. Secondly, traffic management should be carried out by increasing travel costs, such as parking fees or congestion fees. Third, planning this piece should be well grasped, such as how to better integrate the city, live and integrate, and not let everyone be like a migratory bird. This requires the government to make a fuss about planning.
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Changsha
Establish an assessment mechanism for "special car"
On October 13, the Transportation Bureau of Changsha City, Hunan Province held a symposium to hear and collect opinions from industry representatives, representatives of the public, and representatives of experts.
Zhang Zaiping, deputy of Hunan Provincial People's Congress, believes that “special car†should be priced by the market; while taxi driver representative Peng Youliang recommends using government-guided prices. "At present, the new business has just emerged. It is recommended to adopt the government-guided price during the transition period. After the industry matures, the pricing can be given to the market." Chen Xinming, member of the Changsha CPPCC.
“In order to avoid vicious competition, the price first requires no less than the cost price.†The relevant person in charge of the transportation department of Changsha City believes that regardless of whether the government determines the “special car†freight rate, the price should be disclosed to the public, and the price structure should be transparent and measured. Clearly, use the compliant meter, and provide the principle of formal taxi invoices, so that consumers can clearly understand consumption.
As for the number of "special cars", Hu Lige, a professor at Changsha University of Science and Technology, believes that the number of "special cars" can be determined. Zhang Zhizhen, a member of the Changsha CPPCC and a lawyer, believes that the traditional parade and the network car are two different groups, and the total amount is recommended, but the ratio between the two is determined by the market.
The head of the transportation department of Changsha said that the number of traditional taxis will still increase appropriately, but the main body of the increase in taxis will consider more about the network. At the same time, as a two-type social demonstration city, Changsha may require a certain proportion of new energy vehicles to be allocated to the network. And the total amount of the network car is completely handed over to the market or moderate control, and further comments will be sought.
The passenger representative, Ye Hui, raised the situation that there had been a “special car†charge in the past, but there was no complaint and it was suggested to establish a complaint mechanism. In this regard, Liu Mingli, director of the Changsha Municipal Transportation Bureau, said that the "special car" service platform database should be unconditionally docked with the supervision platform, and the platform should bear full responsibility for the online and offline vehicles. At the same time, the network car will also establish an assessment mechanism, comprehensive customer evaluation, industry department evaluation and third-party evaluation to assess, the results of the assessment to the public; resolutely curb illegal business operations, maintain normal market competition.
Shanghai
More operational measures will be drawn up
On October 13, the Shanghai Municipal Transportation Commission held a special symposium on deepening the reform of taxis, listening to feedback from taxi companies and drivers, network car platforms and drivers, industry associations and other representatives. The person in charge of the Shanghai Municipal Transportation Commission made it clear that Shanghai will resolutely implement the relevant regulations at the national level; for projects that can be explored, Shanghai will formulate more operational measures.
As the representative of the network car platform, the relevant person in charge of Drip Express said that the draft for comment has a very positive effect on stabilizing industry expectations and regulating the development of the industry. It is hoped that the pricing mechanism, branch establishment, and local government pilot authority will be granted. There are appropriate adjustments in other areas.
After listening to the relevant representatives, the person in charge of the Shanghai Municipal Transportation Commission said that on the one hand, Shanghai actively embraced the innovation and creation of the industry, and on the other hand, it will guide the "Internet traffic" to be more stable and farther on the road of legal compliance. The Shanghai Municipal Transportation Department must continue to innovate government functions. After implementing industry access management, it will shift from “management management†to “management platform†and gradually realize post-event supervision. In addition, passenger safety is fully guaranteed through various measures such as purchasing insurance and strengthening platform supervision.
Guangzhou
We are studying the management method of the network car
On October 13, the Guangzhou Municipal Transportation Commission held a symposium on the review of the taxi industry reform.
Experts from Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong University of Foreign Studies believe that the draft for comment fully weighs the interests of the traditional taxi industry, existing network car and citizens, and further clarifies the main body, rights and obligations of the network car. Both the taxi company representative and the taxi driver representative believe that after the formal implementation of the reform policy, it will play an important role in regulating the management of the network, improving the driver's income, reducing road congestion and promoting the healthy and stable development of the taxi industry.
The heads of the four network car platforms, such as Didi Express, Shenzhou Special Car, Easy Access, and Uber, said that they will actively adapt to the new normal of the industry development and fully cooperate with the new regulations. However, Uber believes that requiring the network car platform to sign labor contracts with all drivers may make it impossible for part-time drivers to operate. Both Shenzhou and Uber have proposed that the Internet "special car" be registered as a rental passenger, and the operation will be scrapped for 8 years, which may increase operating costs.
After fully listening to the opinions of all parties, the relevant person in charge of the Guangzhou Municipal Transportation Commission said that Guangzhou is studying and formulating the implementation of the deepening reform and implementation of the taxi industry in Guangzhou, and regulating the methods of network car management to promote the healthy and stable taxi industry in Guangzhou. development of.
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